Marketing claims can create liability exposure when they reasonably induce reliance and the patient suffers harm. Depending on jurisdiction and facts, plaintiffs may allegeapparent agency(belief that physicians acted as the HMO's agents),vicarious liability, negligent credentialing, or negligent misrepresentation/consumer protection claims if statements are misleading. Risk management objectives include reviewing public claims for accuracy, ensuring marketing does not overpromise clinical capability, and aligning network adequacy and credentialing with representations. Clear disclosures about independent contractors may help but do not always defeat apparent agency claims. Controls include legal review of advertising, credentialing rigor, quality oversight, and complaint surveillance to detect mismatches between marketing and actual service capability.